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FrançaisThe movement of scientific methods of production or distribution from one enterprise, institution or country to another, as through foreign investment, international trade, licensing of patents rights, technical assistance or training. The process to commercially exploit research varies widely. It…
Read MoreTerms of trade
The ratio of unit value prices of a country´s exports to the unit value prices of its imports.
Read MoreTotal cost of ownership (TCO)
An estimate of the total cost of the goods, services or works over the whole of their life. It’s the combination of the purchase price and all other expenses and benefits that they agency will incur e.g. installation and training,…
Read MoreTrade barriers
An impediment to trade, often included in one of the following classifications: Import policies (tariffs and other import charges, quantitative restrictions, import licensing, and customs barriers). Standards, testing, labelling, and certifications. Government procurement. Export subsidies. Lack of intellectual property rights…
Read MoreTrade deficit
A nation´s excess of imports over exports over a period of time.
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