Incoterms FCA – Free Carrier is the most used of the 11 Incoterms 2020. According to data provided by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), FCA represents approximately 30% of foreign trade operations, followed by CIF (22%) and FOB (20%), which are the Incoterms that have traditionally been used in the recent past. REASONS FOR USING FCA The justification for ... Read More »
Business in India offers great opportunities to exporters and investors of western countries in an enormous and expanding consumer market of over 1.300 million people, and with more than a quarter of the world’s population under 25 years, that will be world’s third largest economy by 2030, after China and the United States. If China is considered the “world’s workshop” ... Read More »
A Broker Agreement is a type of contract use mainly in international trade that sets forth the terms and conditions under which a Broker will either: find interested buyers for goods and/or services being sold by a Seller, or find goods and/or services for a Buyer to purchase. The Broker’s role may be limited to just introducing a buyer and a seller, or may ... Read More »
Doing business in Africa is becoming increasingly attractive and easy for Western companies that are identifying new opportunities on the African continent. For this reason, both European countries and the United States are implementing policies to access African markets, although China is the main investor and supplier on the continent. Chinese strategy has consisted on investing in the primary sector ... Read More »
The Business Sale Agreement is used for anyone who wants to purchase or sell a business or the assets comprising all or part of a business. In this document, pertinent identifying details will be entered, such as whether the parties are individuals or businesses (most often, in Business Sale Agreements, it is a company selling to a company, but of course, individuals ... Read More »
A CMR note is an International Consignment note that is the standard contract of carriage of goods document that is used when transporting goods Internationally via road. The CMR note can also be known as a CMR Waybill or International Consignment Note (ICN). The CMR Consignment note was defined under the 1956 United Nations Convention for the Contract of the ... Read More »
Due Diligence is an investigation of a business prior to entering a contract. It often involves a comprehensive appraisal to establish assets and liabilities or to evaluate commercial potential. Though Due Diligence is important anywhere, it is doubly important when dealing with companies in countries where things are often not what they seem and where the legal system is less ... Read More »
International trade documents are an integral part of all international payment methods, including documentary credits, letters of credit L/C, documents against payment, and documents against acceptance. The documents called for by a payment type will differ somewhat according to the nature of the goods and the countries of export and import. Some documents, however, such as the International Commercial Invoice ... Read More »
The e-CMR or electronic CMR is the digital equivalent of the CMR Transport Document in paper-based format that is used and signed in 4 copies (sender, consignee, carrier and administration. Its use implies adherence to the CMR Agreement (Contrat de Transport International de Marchandises par Route) that regulates it. At present, 25 European countries have already ratified the e-CMR protocol, ... Read More »
Buying agents –also known as purchasing agents– are increasingly used in foreign trade operations: exports and imports. Buying agents are responsible for buying supplies, products, materials and services at the lowest possible price while maintaining a high level of quality. Buying agents must be skilled in assessing current market conditions as they directly affect supply and demand for services and ... Read More »
