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FrançaisPackaging requirements are measures regulating the mode in which goods must or cannot be packed, or defining the packaging materials to be used (e.g. Restricted use of PVC films for food packaging).
Read MorePara-tariff measures
Para-tariff measures are measures that increase the cost of imports in a similar manner to tariffs. These measures include customs surcharges, additional taxes and charges (e.g. tax on foreign exchange transactions, stamp tax), service charges, internal taxes, and charges levied…
Read MorePreferential trade arrangements (PTAs)
Preferential trade arrangements remove barriers to trade between members and offer preferential access to markets on a reciprocal basis. In addition to trade in goods, FTAs usually cover trade in services and investment provisions as well as remove both tariff…
Read MorePrior import deposit
A deposit required by a government of a specific sum, in domestic or foreign currency, usually corresponding to a certain percentage of the value of the imported products. Such deposits are characteristically held without interest, sometimes for many months -from…
Read MorePrivate/Voluntary standards
The term private standards as used by WTO, FAO or UNIDO relates to standards developed by non-governmental entities. These include individual firms, industry organizations, and non-governmental organizations, among others. As such, compliance to these standards is not legally required by national governments…
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