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FrançaisAn official fixed rate of exchange between two currencies, or between a currency and a basket of currencies or a specific weight of gold.
Read MorePara-tariff measures
Para-tariff measures are measures that increase the cost of imports in a similar manner to tariffs. These measures include customs surcharges, additional taxes and charges (e.g. tax on foreign exchange transactions, stamp tax), service charges, internal taxes, and charges levied…
Read MoreParallel imports
Imports made by parties other than the factory-authorized importer. See also gray market.
Read MoreParamount clause
The clause in a bill of lading or charter party invoking coverage by the Hague Rules or by the particular enactment if these rules in the country with jurisdiction over the contract.
Read MoreParent company
A parent company, sometimes called a holding company, is a corporation that has subsidiaries which are wholly or partially-owned separate businesses controlled by the parent. Although corporate law varies from one country to another there are several ways in which…
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